Kerala High Court: Physiotherapists Can Use ‘Dr.’ Prefix, Not Exclusive to Doctors

The Kerala High Court has ruled that the title “Doctor” is not meant only for medical doctors. The Court held that physiotherapists and occupational therapists are allowed to use the “Dr.” prefix with their names.

Justice V. G. Arun delivered the judgment while dismissing petitions filed by the Indian Medical Association and other medical bodies. These petitions had challenged the use of the “Dr.” prefix by professionals who do not hold recognised medical degrees.

The Court observed that the National Medical Commission (NMC) Act does not grant exclusive rights to medical practitioners to use the title “Doctor.” The term, the Court said, traditionally refers to individuals who have achieved a high level of education, including those with PhD degrees.

The High Court also clarified that Section 40 of the Kerala State Medical Practitioners Act cannot be interpreted as giving doctors a statutory monopoly over the “Dr.” prefix. Since no law clearly restricts its usage, medical professionals cannot claim exclusive rights over the title.

The petitions were filed after the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Act, 2021 and the new curriculum allowed physiotherapists and occupational therapists to use “Dr.” along with “PT” or “OT.” Medical associations argued that this could mislead the public into believing that such professionals are allopathic doctors.

Rejecting this argument, the Court noted that physiotherapy and occupational therapy are recognised and independent healthcare disciplines. It also accepted the view that these professionals can act as first-contact healthcare providers within their respective fields.

The Court further held that it cannot interfere with legislative policy or read down statutory provisions unless they are directly challenged. As no such challenge was made, the petitions were dismissed.