Gujarat Becomes Second State to Implement Uniform Civil Code Framework

The Gujarat Uniform Civil Code, 2026, marks a significant legislative development, as Gujarat becomes the second state after Uttarakhand to enact a law on the Uniform Civil Code (UCC). The bill was passed by the Gujarat Assembly through a majority voice vote following an extensive debate.

The legislation aims to establish a common legal framework governing personal matters such as marriage, divorce, succession, and live-in relationships. It seeks to ensure that these areas are regulated uniformly, irrespective of religion, bringing consistency to civil laws across communities.

The bill was introduced after a state-appointed panel submitted its final recommendations on implementing the UCC. The government relied on this report to shape the provisions of the law, indicating a structured approach towards reforming personal laws within the state.

Once enforced, the law will extend to the entire state of Gujarat. It will also apply to residents of Gujarat who are living outside the state. However, the bill clearly excludes members of Scheduled Tribes and certain communities whose customary practices are protected under constitutional provisions.

The “Objects and Reasons” of the legislation emphasise the need for a uniform and simplified legal system. The intent is to remove disparities in personal laws and promote equality in civil matters, while still respecting constitutional safeguards for specific groups.

One of the notable provisions of the bill is the requirement for registration of live-in relationships. The law introduces a formal mechanism for recognising such relationships, along with procedures for their termination. This reflects a broader attempt to bring non-marital relationships within a legal framework.

The bill also addresses issues relating to marriage. It expressly prohibits bigamy, stating that an individual cannot enter into a second marriage while their spouse is still alive. A marriage will be considered valid only if both parties are unmarried at the time of entering into the relationship.

The passage of this law follows a similar move by Uttarakhand, which became the first state to adopt a Uniform Civil Code in 2024. Gujarat’s decision indicates a growing trend among states to consider uniform civil legislation within their jurisdictions.

The development is likely to have wider implications in the ongoing national discussion on the Uniform Civil Code. While the Constitution envisions such a code under the Directive Principles, its implementation has remained a subject of debate for decades.