Karnataka Passes Landmark Law to Protect Freedom of Marriage, Approves Strong Anti-Honour Killing Law and Promises Protection for Inter-Caste Couples

The Karnataka Assembly has passed the Karnataka Freedom of Choice in Marriage and Prevention and Prohibition of Crimes in the Name of Honour and Tradition (Eva Nammava Eva Nammava) Bill, 2026, marking a significant legislative step to address honour-based crimes and protect personal liberty.

The bill was introduced by Law Minister HK Patil, who emphasised that the legislation aims to ensure legal protection for individuals choosing their partners, especially in inter-caste marriages. He described the move as a step towards “social transformation or even revolution”.

The phrase “Eva Nammava, Eva Nammava” used in the bill draws inspiration from a 12th-century Kannada Vachana by Basavanna, symbolising inclusivity and acceptance. The law clearly recognises that consenting adults have the right to choose their life partners without interference.

This legislation comes in the backdrop of rising concerns over honour-based violence. A recent incident involving the killing of a pregnant woman by her father for marrying a Dalit man highlighted the urgency of such a law. Reports have also recorded multiple honour-related attacks and deaths in the state over the past few years.

One of the key features of the law is the creation of a structured protection mechanism. Police and district authorities are required to provide immediate assistance, including shelter, within six hours of receiving a request from couples facing threats. Safe houses are to be established in every district with proper security and privacy safeguards.

The bill also lays down strict duties for public officials. Any deliberate negligence in providing protection or handling complaints can lead to departmental action, imprisonment of up to two years, and fines. Authorities are required to register FIRs promptly and ensure that chargesheets are filed within 60 days.

Further, the legislation empowers authorities to prevent unlawful gatherings that may threaten couples and provides logistical support for marriages. It also mandates the setting up of special cells, helplines, and district-level committees called ‘Eva Nammava Vedike’ to assist couples and promote awareness.

Despite its passage, the bill faced opposition from BJP legislators, who questioned its necessity. They argued that existing laws under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita were sufficient to deal with such crimes. Concerns were also raised about low conviction rates, particularly due to witnesses turning hostile in such cases.

Responding to these concerns, the government assured that detailed rules would address practical challenges, including issues related to implementation and witness protection.

Overall, the legislation represents a strong policy stance by Karnataka to curb honour-based violence and reinforce the constitutional right to choose one’s partner.